Escobedo v. Illinois Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact

Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) asked the U.S. Supreme Court to determine when criminal suspects should have access to an attorney. The majority found that someone suspected of a crime has the right to speak with an attorney during a police interrogation under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Fast Facts: Escobedo v. Illinois Case Argued:  April 29, 1964Decision Issued:  June 22, 1964Petitioner:  Danny EscobedoRespondent: IllinoisKey Questions:  When should a criminal suspect be allowed to consult with an attorney under the Sixth Amendment?Majority:  Justices Warren, Black, Douglas, Brennan, GoldbergDissenting: Justices Clark, Harlan, Stewart, WhiteRuling:  A suspect is entitled to an attorney during an interrogation if it is more than a general inquiry into an unsolved crime, the police intend to elicit incriminating statements, and the right to counsel has been denied Facts of the Case In the early morning hours of January 20, 1960 police interrogated Danny Escobedo in relation to a fatal shooting. Police released Escobedo after he refused to make a statement. Ten days later, police interrogated Benedict DiGerlando, a friend of Escobedo, who told them that Escobedo had fired the shots that killed Escobedo’s brother-in-law. Police arrested Escobedo later that evening. They handcuffed him and told him en route to the police station that they had sufficient evidence against him. Escobedo asked to speak to an attorney. Police later testified that although Escobedo was not formally in custody when he requested an attorney, he was not allowed to leave out of his own free will. Escobedo’s attorney arrived at the police station shortly after police began interrogating Escobedo. The attorney repeatedly asked to speak with his client but was turned away. During the interrogation, Escobedo asked to speak with his counsel several times. Each time, the police made no attempt to retrieve Escobedo’s attorney. Instead they told Escobedo that his attorney did not wish to speak with him. During the interrogation, Escobedo was handcuffed and left standing. Police later testified that he seemed nervous and agitated.  At one point during the interrogation, police allowed Escobedo to confront DiGerlando. Escobedo admitted knowledge of the crime and exclaimed that DiGerlando had killed the victim. Escobedo’s attorney moved to suppress statements made during this interrogation before and during trial. The judge denied the motion both times. Constitutional Issues Under the Sixth Amendment, do suspects have a right to counsel during interrogation? Did Escobedo have a right to speak with his attorney even though he had not been formally indicted? Arguments An attorney representing Escobedo argued that police had violated his right to due process when they prevented him from speaking with an attorney. The statements Escobedo made to police, after being denied counsel, should not be allowed into evidence, the attorney argued. An attorney on behalf of Illinois argued that states retain their right to oversee criminal procedure under the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. If the Supreme Court were to find the statements inadmissible due to a Sixth Amendment violation, the Supreme Court would be exerting control over criminal procedure. A judgement could violate the clear separation of powers under federalism, the attorney argued. Majority Opinion Justice Arthur J. Goldberg delivered the 5-4 decision. The Court found that Escobedo had been denied access to an attorney at a critical point in the judicial process—he time between arrest and indictment. The moment in which he was denied access to an attorney was the point at which the investigation had ceased to be a general investigation into an unsolved crime. Escobedo had become more than a suspect and was entitled to counsel under the Sixth Amendment. Justice Goldberg argued that the specific circumstances in the case at hand were illustrative of a denial of access to counsel. The following elements were present: The investigation had become more than a general inquiry into an unsolved crime.The suspect had been taken into custody and interrogated with the intent to elicit incriminating statements.The suspect had been denied access to counsel and police had not properly informed the suspect of the right to remain silent. On behalf of the majority, Justice Goldberg wrote that it was important for suspects to have access to an attorney during interrogation because it is the likeliest time for the suspect to confess. Suspects should be advised of their rights before making incriminating statements, he argued. Justice Goldberg noted that if advising someone of their rights decreases the effectiveness of the criminal justice system, then â€Å"there is something very wrong with that system.† He wrote that the effectiveness of a system should not be judged by the number of confessions police are able to secure. Justice Goldberg wrote: â€Å"We have learned the lesson of history, ancient and modern, that a system of criminal law enforcement which comes to depend on the confession will, in the long run, be less reliable and more subject to abuses than a system which depends on extrinsic evidence independently secured through skillful investigation.† Dissenting Opinion Justices Harlan, Stewart, and White authored separate dissents. Justice Harlan wrote that the majority had come up with a rule that â€Å"seriously and unjustifiably fetters perfectly legitimate methods of criminal law enforcement.† Justice Stewart argued that the start of the judicial process is marked by indictment or arraignment, not custody or questioning. By requiring access to counsel during interrogation, the Supreme Court jeopardized the integrity of the judicial process, Justice Stewart wrote. Justice White expressed concern that  the decision could jeopardize law enforcement investigations. Police should not have to ask suspects to waive their right to counsel before statements made by the suspects can be considered admissible, he argued. Impact The ruling built upon Gideon v. Wainwright, in which the Supreme Court incorporated the Sixth Amendment right to an attorney to the states.  While Escobedo v. Illinois affirmed an individuals right to an attorney during an interrogation, it did not establish a clear timeline for the moment at which that right comes into play. Justice Goldberg outlined specific factors that needed to be present to show that someones right to counsel had been denied. Two years after the ruling in Escobedo, the Supreme Court handed down Miranda v. Arizona. In Miranda, the Supreme Court used the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination to require officers to notify suspects of their rights, including the right to an attorney, as soon as they are taken into custody. Sources Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 (1964).

The Businesses and Development of AKH Group Essay example

Introduction to AKH Group – AKH Group has various businesses spread across IT, Consumer Products, BPO and Telecom. The group has a history of being in business for the last 35 years. The founder of the company follows an austere way of working. The business expansion has been organic as well as inorganic. The IT business was fostered through organic form and the BPO was an acquisition. Similarly, the Consumer Product business was a mix of organic and inorganic through foreign acquisitions. The founder of this business conglomerate has recently announced a sum of Rs. 10,000 Crore to be spent on nation building. Areas chalked out are Skill Development and Primary Health. Community Development – Community development is a way of†¦show more content†¦Source: SCDC A Healthy Community Skill development and Primary Health – Skill Development means developing yourself and your skill sets to add value for the organization and for your own career development. Fostering an attitude of appreciation for lifelong learning is the key to workplace success. Continuously learning and developing ones skills requires identifying the skills needed for mobility at Cal, and then successfully seeking out trainings or on-the-job opportunities for developing those skills. Primary health care, often abbreviated as PHC, has been defined as essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community. It is through their full participation and at a cost that the community and the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination. In other words, PHC is an approach to health beyond the traditional health care system that focuses on health equity-producing social policy. PHC includes all areas that play a role in health, such as access to health services, environment and lifestyle. Primary health and skill development is one of the most important issues for community development and AKH group is contributing a sum of rupees 1000 crore towards community development. As a consultant to AKH group weShow MoreRelatedSkill Development Empowers the Workforce with Skills, Knowledge and Qualifications 619 Words   |  3 PagesThe objective of Skill Development is to create a workforce empowered with the necessary and continuously upgraded skills, knowledge and internationally recognized qualifications to gain access to decent employment and ensure India’s competitiveness in the dynamic global market. It aims at increasing the productivity and employability of workforce (wage and self-employed) both in the organized and the unorganized sectors. It seeks increased participation of youth, women, disabled and other disadvantagedRead MoreHow AKH Group Can Help Make the World a Better Place Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesCASE FACTS: As given in the case a 35 years old AKH Group has various businesses spread across IT, Consumer Products, BPO and Telecom. For the development of the company in various sectors the founder of the company follows an austere way of working. The business expansion has been organic as well as inorganic. The IT business was fostered through organic form and the BPO was an acquisition. Similarly, the Consumer Product business was a mix of organic and inorganic (through foreign acquisitions)

A Beautiful Mind Free Essays

Mental illness and mental disorders have plagued individuals for many years before the development of the psychiatric community embraced the challenges of treatment with understanding.   It can be assumed that everyone has had an encounter with someone who is mentally ill at some point in their life. Stereotypical images of those with mental disorders encompass the erroneous image of a filthy homeless individual viewed talking aloud to some imaginary person or thing. We will write a custom essay sample on A Beautiful Mind or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Other images depict the mentally ill individual ranting and raving like some ravenous animal with wild eyes and an animal-like posture. These images are poor portrayals of the mentally disturbed often created by Hollywood as a means to keep viewers entertained.   Contrary to popular belief, a mentally ill person looks just like any other human being despite some peculiarities, however, in the society of today, anyone could be mentally ill. Background The Hollywood motion picture, A Beautiful Mind, was directed a documental-like story of an actual world renowned mathematician named John Nash (Grazer Howard, 2001).   Nash was born in West Virginia and later went on to attend graduate school at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. He was then twenty-one years old.   Throughout his secondary academic career, Nash remained somewhat unsociable and preoccupied with his research and coursework.   He did not appear to have much time for dating or socializing with members of the opposite sex either. Nash’s competitive nature served as a driving force for his academic research and achievements.   His economic theories and studies enabled him to win appointments and academic recognition through much of his time while studying at Princeton University.   While his mathematic theories would leave a reasonable person ultimately dumbfounded and confused, PSYCHOLOGY it became like a second language to Nash.   Simple tasks like games became too complicated for him to participate in (Grazer Howard, 2001).   If it did not equate into a mathematical equation, then in Nash’s thinking, it could not be logical or proven to be absolute. Nash later met a woman, Alicia, while teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).   Over a period of time, the two began dating and later married.   Together they would have one child, a son, named John.   During the course of their marriage, Nash would become more and more distant.   He would blame the distance on his work and research. Analysis Psychological Symptoms Friends began to notice that his personal hygiene was lacking in the area of care and presentation.   He would regularly forget to shave, his shirts would not be tucked in properly, and his hair would be stringy and unwashed. He began walking with a noticed shuffle while simultaneously clutching his briefcase tightly against his chest as though it bore protection.   He socially disconnected from his colleagues by informing them that his research was classified (Grazer Howard, 2001).   Worst of all, he started forgetting that he was required to teach a class at MIT, and he would often not show up. During Nash’s time studying at Princeton University, he became good friends with his roommate.   He would meet up with his old college chum several times over the course of the following years.   It would later be revealed that Nash had no roommate at Princeton University, but rather he was assigned to a dormitory and resided alone the entire time (Grazer Howard, 2001). The imagined roommate was a hallucination (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).    How to cite A Beautiful Mind, Papers A Beautiful Mind Free Essays I enjoyed many things from the film A Beautiful Mind including the cast, the interpretations of being schizophrenic, and also the small amount of romance between John and Alicia. Think that the cast was very well picked, Russell Crower did an outstanding job portraying a man with schizophrenia. I could tell that Crower was eve comfortable with this role, considering how well he portrayed John Nash. We will write a custom essay sample on A Beautiful Mind or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I think about John Nash and his awkward, yet sophisticated, rationality Russell Crower really does justice to John Nash. Also, the cast for the other students, John’s peers, were well picked out also. All of the other students were intelligent and also a little cocky which makes sense as to why they don’t accept John. I also enjoyed the interpretations of being schizophrenic. It is very interesting going into the mind of John Nash and seeing the people that only he sees, and hearing the voices that only he hears. Lastly enjoyed how the film had a little spark of romance between John and Alicia, but that the entire film wasn’t about the romance, and love. The film was more about John and his brilliance than his love life. My only dislike for this film is that it was slowly moving. L, personally, enjoy movies that can invest myself in and really feel the characters. I could not relate to any of the characters considering they are all brilliant. Johns Anna’s second grade teacher tells Nash that he had been given two helpings of brain but only one helping of heart, I think that she means that he would stop putting math and science before how he is really feeling and that he should try to make friends and be more in-touch with others. As said before I really enjoyed Russell Crow’s portrayal of schizophrenia. I thought that it was very believable, from what I have seen, and was interesting whenever he would have schizophrenic fits around other students. The scariest part of schizophrenia for me is seeing things that others cannot. People with schizophrenia do not know if what they’re seeing is real or fake, and that is scary. How to cite A Beautiful Mind, Papers

Events In Slavery Essay Example For Students

Events In Slavery Essay Events that Effected SlaveryEssay written by Curtis CupplesIntroductionWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness (Thomas Jefferson). The only problem with this passage from the Declaration of Independence is that it does not say, We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and Negroes are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness Thomas Jeffersons words were not correct. Not all men were created equal and these men were slaves. Slavery has existed throughout the United States for centuries before the present day. This was the most inhumane treatment any man could go through. The following report will express the impact of slavery on the history of the united states of America. The Earliest Slaves in AmericaIn the summer of 1619 a 160-ton ship from the Port of Flushing in Holland sailed into the Chesapeake Bay. The Dutch ship was under the command of Captain Jope and piloted by an English man named Marmaduke Raynor. In exchange for supplies Jope sold more than 20 Negroes to the local authorities in the English colony of Virginia. These blacks came ashore 12 years after the founding of Jamestown. At first the Virginians liked white indentured persons who knew their language and their ways, compared to the newly arrived black slaves. Over time though, the black servants grew accustomed to the environment and were better than the white indentured servants. The colonists didnt approve, but because of the need for laborers for Tobacco the acceptance grew. Slavery grows from demand of cottonThe Revolutionary War won for the Americans a large stretch of wilderness between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. After 1800 settlers began to clear and plant on the land. Many of these settlers brought slaves with them. One of the crops which they planted was cotton. When the slaves had to pick the cotton it would prick them and slow the picking down tremendously. Then a man named Eli Whitney invented a machine called the Cotton Gin. The Cotton Gin cleaned the short sticky fibers of the upland cotton. Metal teeth simply pulled the fibers from the seeds. The invention of this machine made the cotton economy soar. This increased the need for slaves. They needed more slaves to pick the cotton faster so they could keep up with the production. The masters were constantly working their slaves from dusk until dawn. They would load the cotton into wagons and take the crop to the gin. As planters in the South turned more and more land t o growing cotton, the economy could support more people. In 1790 the South had one million white people, six hundred fifty-seven thousand black slaves, and thirty-two thousand free black people. Slaves grew in population rapidly. Resistance To SlaverySlaves found many ways to resist white control. Most resistance forms were passive. Slaves used songs to express their longings to be free, but also spread news for secret meetings. Some slaves pretended to be sick, broke tools and worked as slow as possible. Others, ran away. When these slaves were caught, they were punished severely. Other ways slaves resisted the whites were through means of violence. Some slaves would try to poison the masters food which scared many plantation owners. The most violent though were organized riots. Slavery causes problems Slavery also caused problems where states were concerned. When Missouri sought admission to the Union in 1819, it proposed a state constitution which would protect slavery. At that t ime there were exactly as many slave states as well as free states in the Union. The house of representatives was dominated by the North and the Southerners stood to gain control of the senate if Missouri was admitted as a slave state. Before the Missouri Debate began, Congress used the Northwest Ordinance to prohibit slavery north and west of the Ohio River. The balance was in danger of being upset. Slavery also affected this greatly and it later led to the Missouri Compromise. Carlos Santana EssayThe Emancipation Proclamation would free all slaves in areas still in rebellion. It was a statement of intent instead of a law, and slaveholders refused to accept it. The Proclamation also allowed former slaves to enlist in the army. During the war one hundred and eighty-six thousand blacks served in the Union Army and twenty-nine thousand served in the Union Navy. ReconstructionBefore the Civil war was over and General Lee and his troops surrendered, Lincoln already had a plan of amnesty and reconstruction to be approved by congress. In this plan, 10% of those who voted in the election of 1860 had to take an oath proclaiming their loyalty to the United States. Confederate states could then form a new government and use a new constitution. In this proclamation, slavery was also banned, but it did not say that blacks had the right to vote or to any other rights. Another plan the Radicals passed in July 1864, was the Wade-Davis Bill. This bill was a stricter version of Lincolns Proclamation of Amnesty. In this bill a majority (51%) had to take an oath to the United States and take part in drafting a new Constitution. Only then could that state be remitted to the Union. The bill demanded that Confederates swear past and present loyalty. The Wade-Davis bill also required the new state constitutions to outlaw slavery and declare the Confederate debt unpayable. Confederate bonds and money became worthless. With the support of the moderates, Congress passed the Wade-Davis bill. Congress then adjourned, however, and Lincoln refused to sign the bill. This defeated the Wade-Davis bill. In January 1865, Lincoln compromised by proposing the Thirteenth Amendment to outlaw slavery. Former Confederate states were required to ratify, or formally approve, the amendment before rejoining the Union. Black CodesIn Johnsons plan for reconstruction he gave black voting rights to most whites, but he only encouraged new states to allow freedmen to vote. The southern states followed Johnsons policies, but not happily. None gave blacks the right to vote. Instead, the new state governments tried to bring back slavery in all but name. They used laws known as Black Codes. The Black Codes varied from state to state, but everywhere the laws were meant to keep blacks from being free. Freedman were made to sign labor contracts that bound them to work and orphans whose parents could not raise them were to work as apprentices. Freedmans Bureau and Education For Blacks Just before the wars end, Congress established the Freedmans Bureau. For emergency relief the bureau distributed food to the needy of both races. Finding jobs was one of its first tasks. It also performed marriages for blacks. Education was also very important for blacks. They thought of education as their key to equal rights. The Freedmans Bureau also helped them in seeking a better education. More than four thousand schools were established. In the South, the government set up schools after 1868. They were unfortunately segregated (separated by race). During this time in 1868, the fifteenth amendment was passed. This amendment gave everyone the right to vote no matter their race or if they were previously slaves. Blacks were slowly gaining their rights. ConclusionBlacks as you can see suffered through many hardships and losses over time. Eventually many victories come to them. What we must realize is that all humans should be treated the same no matter what their race or color is. But this was all in the past and we need to put it behind us. Instead we should look to the future and remember all men are created equal. BibliographyMartin Luther The KingHistory Reports

Btec Level free essay sample

The voluntary sector must be either Oxfam or your college- WFC Range of different businesses and their ownership You work as a junior researcher for a business magazine and you have been asked to prepare background material for a reporter. The reporter wants you to carry out Investigation into 2 contrasting businesses- one in private sector and the one in public sector or in voluntary sector like charity. You need to write a report covering all your investigation. Note: The private sector company must be a large supermarket like TESCO, Sainsbury’s, ASDA or Morrison The public sector company could be BBC or NHS or TFL The voluntary sector must be either Oxfam or your college- WFC 1) Write a brief introduction ASDA showing how and why the business was set up, and their operational activity in UK and abroad. ASDA was set up by a well know international company named â€Å"Wal-Mart†. The purpose of setting up ASDA was to make profit, introducing a new brand name in the market and to expand the business in the whole UK. We will write a custom essay sample on Btec Level or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The major operational activity of this company is to sell their products. In UK, Ireland Scotland, these products include ASDA own branded items such as breads, eggs, drinks, juice, petrol etc. However â€Å"Wal-Mart† is responsible for any other activities operating in other parts of the World. Is it local or national or international or Global Company? ASDA, as its brand name has only National presence. The company is located just in the UK whereas Wal-Mart has Global presence. Waltham Forest College was funded and formed by the Local Government of Walthamstow Borough. The purpose of setting up WFC was to provide education service to the community. The college was and is currently run by the Government. The major operational activity of this college is to educate the people of community and to provide them with learning facilities, no matter what their ages are and from where they belong. Is it local or national or international or Global Company? Waltham Forest College is a Government funded college is made only for Waltham Forest borough that is why it just has Local presence. 2) OWNERSHIP Define the following ownerships: Sole Trader: Sole Trader is a Private Sector business. Word ‘Sole’ means ‘single’ and ‘trade’ means ‘an individual who buys or sells product’. Sole trader is a person that usually owns the whole business. The business could be a small chicken shop or a big supermarket. Off-licence shops are the best example of sole traders. Partnership: Partnership is formed when two or more owners of a business. A business that has two or more than two owners are called partnership business. Super Store is an example of partnership business. Private Ltd: Private Limited Companies are the companies that have more than 2 business shareholders. Their shares are sold to friends and family members but the companies are not allowed to sell their shares to any member of general public in any circumstance. Examples are Phonics Music Limited, RM Limited etc. Public Ltd: Public Limited Companies are the companies that have many shareholders. Shares are sold on market level and any member of general public can buy them. Examples are Tesco, ASDA etc. Public sector: Public Sector businesses have covered more than 40% of business in UK. These are the businesses that are run and owned by the Government to provide some kind of services to public. Transport for London is an example of Public Sector organisation. Charity: A Charity is a volunteer sector organisation that is aimed to make money or collect donations for poor and needy people. It includes British Heart Foundation, Islamic Relief etc. | Explain which type of ownership ASDA has. ASDA is a private company but due to large number of public shareholders it exits in Public Limited Company. The shares are being sold on stock exchange and any one from the general public can buy them. Explain which type of ownership WFC has. WFC is a Public Sector organisation that is because it runs by the Government. The facility is being provided to local community for education purposes. Youngers till 19 get free education from the college and all the expenses are paid by the Government. 3) Business Sectors Define the following three business sectors with 1 example for each sector and identify the changes that has occurred: * Primary Sector: This sector of an economy makes direct use of natural resources and raw materials. This includes agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining, and extraction of oil and gases. The primary sector is usually the most important in less developed countries and typically less important in industrial countries. Farming is an example of primary sector. This economy sector is decreasing down, day by day, in UK. The overall percentage of this sector in UK’s economy is 2%. These are due to expensive labor cost and less of profit. People are moving towards tertiary sector businesses because of easy jobs and more pays. These are some reasons that have affected the primary sector to decrease down. * Secondary Sector: The secondary sector or manufacturing sector includes those economic sectors that create or manufacture finished and usable products. These include packaging of products, manufacturing of mobiles etc. Businesses like Nestle, Pure-water etc. include in this sector. This sector is also decreasing in UK. Now-a-days, tertiary sector businesses prefer to buy product from other countries due to cheaper of prices. Probably 23% of total UK economy consists of manufacturing sector businesses. The major factors that affect the manufacturing sector are high of taxations and high labor cost. The manufacturing sector businesses are getting low profits as compare to tertiary sector businesses. This leads people to move towards tertiary sector businesses. * Tertiary Sector: The basic characteristic of this sector is the production of services. The businesses in this sector provide services such as advice, experience, selling, buying, discussion etc. The production of information is generally also regarded as a service. The businesses such as Tesco, ASDA, Primark, Fair-Trade are examples of tertiary sector businesses. Tertiary sector is increasing in UK continuously. It holds 75% of businesses of UK economy. People are applying for jobs in tertiary sector because of good salary. Businesses are getting bigger as the profit is higher than other business sector. Developing of technology and increasing of population helps tertiary sector businesses to expand. Explain what business sector ASDA falls into and why? Justify your answer. ASDA falls in tertiary as well as manufacturing sector as it does manufacture its own products. Its products include bread, butter, milk, eggs, fishes etc. It provide services such as selling of groceries, home deliveries, online shopping etc. that makes it fall in both sectors. Explain what busines s sector WFC falls into and why? Justify your answer. WFC falls in tertiary sector as it provides educational services to community. Its services include teaching, learning support, adult learning system etc. |

Sex Pressure Essays - Fertility, Sexual Acts, Sexual Health, RTT

Sex Pressure Essays - Fertility, Sexual Acts, Sexual Health, RTT Sex Pressure sexual pressures The media is just one of the factors responsible for the increase in teen sexuality. Throughout a humans adolescents years they are subject to a number of sexual pressures. Through research I have found that peers are among the most influential. An adolescent is not limited to peer pressure though. They face pressures from the media as well. I believe that media pressure is just a influential as peer pressure. There is also other pressure, from people such as older friends, parents, and just adults in general. Peers is a term that can be defined as friends. I have found that many teens have friends that are athletes. In high schools, boy athletes outscore all of the other boys with the girls(Elias 1). On the other hand , girls on sports teams are much less sexually active than other females who do not play sports(Elias 1). This shows that male athletes are far more pressuring each other on the issue of sexuality. So for males who are into sports they are subjected to a host of pressu res and can as a result do things they would not normally do. On the contrary, I found that females who do sports are far less pressured and influenced about sex. In fact they are far less likely to be sexually active than teen females who do not participate in sports. I believe that all teens in general should know the results of being a sexually active teen. There are many consequences of being sexually active, one of the major one being sexually transmitted diseases. A sexually transmitted disease might not sound so bad but, some can cause sterility and even worse , death. Even when condoms are used, a STD can still be transmitted. Depending on the type of std they can or can not be cured. A few diseases that can not be cured include herpes, HPV, And HIV, which later turns into the virus AIDS. The disease HPV can cause cervical cancer and HIV results in a long, painful death. Almost a third of sexually active teens contracted a new STD within a mere six months, reported one study , even among condom users(Terilliger 2). Once a teen has become sexually active he or she must assume new roles. Males must think about the issue of perhaps becoming a father by accident of intentionally. Moreover, females must think about all the consequences of having sex. No sex happens to be the safest form of sexual activity. It is not hard for a condom to break of for birth control pills to be forgotten once or twice during a cycle to cause a pregnancy. In addition, once a female becomes pregnant there are few options she can explore. In a like manner, adults are an impact on a teens sexuality. Most teens look up to an adult and admire them. Likewise, they want to try to be like there idol. This is why an adult can have a profound impact on a teen trying to cope with the pressures of sexuality. That is why all adults in all classes of society should watch what they do or say in relation to teens. For example, The President of the United States was adulterous and lied about it. We as society say so what? when the accusations surfaced at first(Kavanagh 13). In the same fashion, the media plays a huge part of sexual pressures exerted on a teen. One way being television. Television at the present time is full of vulgarness and sex. As far as prime time television is concerned is safer to watch old re runs of the Lucy Show and the Cosby Show. they ere from an era where sex was not such a prime time staple(Riley 186). This show how much society has changed concerning sex. In the old times sex was not a way to get better ratings like it is today. Similarly, music has an impact on an adolescents sexuality. Rap lyrics at the current time are full of obscenities and words concerning sex. In the rapper Eminem's song Role Model , he says, Im going to rape her and leave her, once I get near her(mathers

Asian Tigers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Asian Tigers - Essay Example The growth of the ' Asian Tigers' in the 1960's In the 1960s, the Asian tigers were very poor thus labor was cheap, and in abundance. They then made educational reforms and coupled this with the cheap labor to establish productive work forces. In order to improve productivity, they focused on improving education at all levels with more emphasis on elementary education and compulsory high school education. College and university system was also improved by setting aside some money for the same. For economic development, they pursued an export driven model whereby they focused on the manufacture of goods for export to nations that are highly industrialized. They discouraged domestic consumption through government policies such as high tariffs. The economic growth of the Asian Tigers has been termed as the East Asian Miracle because of the supernatural increase of four economics. East Asia which comprises Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong has been the fastest growing are in the wor ld. They have been termed as the models for achievement for other rising economies. There have been several factors which led to the success of the East Asian countries. These include the macroeconomic discipline, their outward orientation, high investment and saving rates and public policies which were good. Although these may vary from region to region, the experience of east Asia, supported by recent research on growth, has convinced many observers that an on looking development strategy, particularly a dynamic export sector, is a conducive growth. The other factor that boosts their trade was greater openness which is conducive to growth and thus they embrace the policies that promote openness. They also used non-tariff and high tariff barriers to promote industrialization. Between 1965 and 1993, real gap in the East Asian economies grew at an annual average rate of nearly 9 percent more than twice as first as their Latin American counterparts. They all had common characteristics which include focusing on exporting to rich and industriali0sed nations. They also maintained a double increment for years. They were each non democratic and relative to authoritative systems for years. They had high tariff on imports and less valued currencies, and each held bond bonding of U.S. at a high level. Their savings rate was high. Current Growth The Asian Tigers are no longer growing so rapidly now. This is due to the Asian financial crisis that burst in 1997. Economies of unrestricted flow was opened which led to the erosion of their financial successes. This led to a volatile foreign investment which was dangerous. Many of the Asian Tigers were caught up in the currency depreciation game due to their focus on growth of exports. The policy decisions are being undertaken/can be taken to bring the economics out of the doldrums In order to bring the economics out of the doldrums, a model that has to guide towards a more stable, balanced, sustainable and coordinated growth has to be assumed. One major policy is that the government should chip in by introducing subsidies and large investments in the export sector though this is majorly based on the exports and not on local domestic demand. In order to touch on the domestic demand, a policy that has to be instituted is one that establishes a social security system which is a sufficient safety net so as to reduce household expenditures in order to save for their benefits on retirement.

McCarthyism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

McCarthyism - Essay Example The McCarthyism movements had greatly affected the lives of the people in the U.S. Tens of thousands of Americans were charged of being Communist or communist sympathizers during McCarthy epoch. They had to undergo aggressive investigations and questioning before the government and private-industry boards, committees, and bureaus. Besides, in the realm of social policy, McCarthyism seems to have stopped the much-needed reforms at midstream. Measures including national health insurance, a social reform held up by rest of the industrialized world, just fell by the pavement. There were chances that left liberal political alliance would have implemented health reforms and similar proposals; but the sanguinity was torn apart by the crusades of anti-communist movements. The moderates were against anything that seemed radical and the people who were left to them were always either to no avail or under exploitation. The McCarthyism movements again had put into the attenuation of the reformation impulse by diverting public attention of the labor movement. In fact, McCarthyism not only affected the lives and political thinking of the people in the U.S. but also had impact on the international affairs. The antagonism against the cold war had been so thoroughly identified with communism. The nation’s cultural and social life was also suffered by the McCarthyism. Moreover, even after the anti-Communist uproar s was retreated, the antidemocratic associated with the earlier still continued to affect the citizens. It can be traced from the COINELPRO programs of prosecuting political rebels throughout 1960s and, the Watergate related misdemeanors in the 1970s and the Iran-Contra issues in the 1980s (Schrecker 2002, p.106,) . McCarthyism was not the only cause for these outrages. The assault on democracy that started during the 1940s and its

Compare and contrast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Compare and contrast - Research Paper Example The second point he argued that true religion consists of genuine inward persuasion of the mind, while the power of the government is force. By this he meant that force will never bring people to the true faith. The third point he argued that if the magistrate would have power to change people’s mind, still it will not bring people to the true faith since many of them believe in wrong religions (Locke, 1796). One of the historic researches that scholars have found out is that Judaism and Christianity was once unified, but time came and they parted ways because of competition. The anti-Jewish Christians statements about late antiquity suggest that salvation was first for the Jews but it was entrusted to them through grace. For example when Jesus Christ came into the world and was he rejected by the Jews. The anti-Jewish believed that at that point it was their opportunity to receive salvation. Martin Luther’s anti-Jewish were very caring in that he accused the catholic of being unfair to Jews and treating them â€Å"as if they were dogs,† he also was annoyed by them when they refused to convert and said â€Å"A Jewish heart is as hard as a stick, a stone, as iron, as a devil.† It is very fascinating how theological issues are viewed differently with scholars, believers as well as theologians. For instance, Mircea Eliade, James George Frazer and Rudolf Otto brought their point in a very interesting way. For example, James in his book The Golden Bough distinguishes between magi and religion. He argued that magic is for primitive people while reign through faith. His remarks can be compared to that of Otto who focused on religious experiences with a fear which benefits people’s relation to God. God is taken to be presented in peoples responses and these responses have this role because they are assigned a phenomenological character which is different from other feelings experienced elsewhere in this human life. Eliade

Short Story The Moon Wolf English Literature Essay

Short Story The Moon Wolf English Literature Essay The moon was rising slowly tipping its rays across the surface of the land. The white thread like runnels spun silver cords blanketing the fields. Unusual for this time of year a chilly wind had begun to blow across from the marshlands. It wafted up from the deep, ebbing pits wallowing with the scents of seaweed, fish and the pungent stench of tepid water. This aint right John thought to himself as he stood silent sentry to his familys farm. He was alone. Not another human soul lived on Drumna hill, just John and his dad and his brother both of whom had gone to the village. His mother had passed away when John was twelve. Even to this day he could still remember it. The moon had been full that night too. The wind had been strangely chilly and the world had been eerily quiet, on that night almost eight years ago. He had woken up, unusual for him since he was such a sound sleeper, he had woken up with an uneasy feeling in his heart. It had been pounding, each pulse resounding, ricocheting against the inner chambers of his heart. He had been thirsty, parched in fact like he hadnt drunk in days, even though he had followed his routine exactly. He had washed up straight after dinner, he had kissed his parents goodnight, and his brother had ruffled his hair in the fond way only Declan could. Then he had sat beside his bed and said his nightly prayers. His father had brought his glass of water, and he half emptied it before he climbed into bed. Goodnight John his dad had said. Then for no reason at all he had woken up. He sat up in bed, blinking away his sleep in the darkness. He stretched out his hand to feel his bed cloths, the rough and comforting familiarities, he gently pushed them aside. Shivering he extracted himself from bed. Why did he suddenly feel so cold, had it not been the middle of spring just this morning? It is a wonder he had thought, how the dark transforms the world. All around him his old bedroom looked like a strangers cavern. The deep grained wood that formed the walls looked like tiny dry streams forming map-like patterns on his walls. He ran his hand along them, feeling his way to the door. Suddenly he had stopped he remembered why he had woken up. He had heard the singular call of a wolf. His blood had run cold in his body and had already drained from his face. He was being watched. With a sudden surge of energy he turned around. No one was there. He pivoted on the spot checking every crevice of his room with frantic eyes. The fear welling up in him lent him the feral instincts of an animal. Suddenly the swirling darkness parted and he could make out each shape clear and minute. Something in him lead him to the window. He did not know what but some how he had an inexplicable urge to look outside. He cautiously stepped closer to the curtains, gently parting the only shroud hiding him from that which lay outside. For a moment there was nothing, just the fields stretching to the edges of the wood. The forest acted like a natural fence, separating the world of man from the world of beasts. Then, it caught his eyes. Standing at the very border directly across from his window, was the wolf. The majestic creature stood half in shadow half bathing in the moonlight. The snowy light bounced of his coat, gleaming, like the very light radiated from him. All around it the world looked like it was bathed in snow, snow in the spring. Despite this the one thing that fixated Johns attention were the wolfs eyes. Those eyes burned and flickered like flames in a face as pure as snow. They were not bestial, on the contrary they were solemn, with the far away gaze of a philosopher lining the deep embers. But now, now they gazed into Johns eyes. There was no doubt about it. The wolf was there only to tell John something.

The Role for NATO in the Modern World Essay -- The North Atlantic Trea

The Possibility of a Role for NATO in International Relations When NATO was founded in 1949, it had a clearly defined role. It was an alliance for collective security against the USSR and the Warsaw Pact, whereby if one member state was attacked, the rest would come to her aid under article 5. Since the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, however, the role of NATO has become a great deal less clearly defined, since its members no longer really have any need for a defensive alliance. Indeed, operations such as those in Bosnia and Kosovo have suggested that for from being a defensive alliance, NATO may have some kind of future as an offensive alliance. There are also now doubts, however, over whether the futures of Europe and the United States are bound together as they were during the Cold War, and many European countries now pursue radically different, more pacifistic foreign policies to that of America. Many people now fell, therefore, that NATO is nothing more than an anachronistic hangover from the Cold War with no real future. Others would say, however, that organisations such as NATO and the UN are still crucial in the modern world to ensure that countries do not act unilaterally, but co-operate with allies. It is first perhaps worth considering in what way NATO's role in the modern world is changing. As has already been said, NATO may no longer really be viewed as a defensive organisation. This is not to say that it no longer has a credible role, however, and many would argue that it can be used as a useful tool in solving international problems. There are several examples of this suggestion in action. For in... ...is an alliance of such different interests will mean that it's future survival is highly dubious. As Nicholas Burns, the US Ambassador to NATO, said recently, 'the EU's push for greater military autonomy [poses] the most significant threat to NATO's future.' Thus there is still a role for NATO in the modern world, although this role has shifted from being defensive to being offensive, as above examples have shown. The question now must be, then, whether NATO can function effectively has an organisation in the coming years. Many would say that the polarising effect of America's aggressive foreign policy under George Bush and the recent expansion or the organisation Eastwards towards Russian borders will mean that NATO will cease to have a role in the future, since it is now a body which such conflicting interests.